Nanjing Tulou, a World Cultural Heritage site and a gem of traditional Chinese architecture, comprises over 1,300 buildings.
Architecturally, Nanjing Tulou are unique in shape, adhering to the "round sky and square earth" concept, and come in various forms including round, square, and mansion-style. They ingeniously utilize the narrow, flat terrain in the mountains, perfectly combining traditional rammed earth construction techniques with the mortise-and-tenon method of building. For example, the Hegui Building, built on marshland, remains sturdy and stable after over 200 years.
Defensively, Tulou are veritable fortresses. Their thick outer walls, lack of outward-facing windows on the first floor, and the presence of firing ports and watchtowers, along with sturdy gates equipped with fireproofing devices, effectively repelled external attacks.
Culturally, Tulou served as ancestral homes, reflecting a strong sense of family and unity. Inside, ancestral halls and schools were often found, with couplets reflecting values such as diligence in farming and scholarship, loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, and righteousness, highlighting the tradition of valuing education. At the same time, the Tulou also carries the local folk culture, and residents still live in them, continuing the centuries-old atmosphere of life.