I've always wanted to visit the Yungang Grottoes, one of China's most famous grotto complexes. The guide explained that the grottoes' construction began during the Northern Wei Dynasty. Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei, Tuoba Gui, moved the capital to Datong. After Emperor Wencheng, Tuoba Jun, ascended the throne, he ordered the monk Tan Yao to oversee the restoration of Buddhism. Most of the caves were completed before Emperor Xiaowen, Yuan Hong, moved the capital to Luoyang, but the statue-making continued until the Zheng Guang era. The Yungang Grottoes were carved over approximately 150 years, spanning the Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, Sui, and Tang dynasties. Currently, there are 45 main caves and over 59,000 stone sculptures. As the first grotto complex in China authorized by the imperial court, the Yungang Grottoes, compared to other grotto temples, have a distinctly foreign style, incorporating elements of Indian and Central Asian art, as well as Greek and Roman architectural styles and decorative patterns.
The fifth cave, which we queued for half an hour to get into, was rebuilt in the eighth year of the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty. The main seated Buddha inside is 17.40 meters tall, making it the largest Buddha in Yungang. It is covered in mud and painted from head to toe, with gold leaf on the face and chest. The music cave in the twelfth cave was even more crowded, with people squeezing in and out. The various musicians holding different instruments were very unique, from east to west: drum, waist drum, qin (a type of zither), transverse flute, pipa (a type of lute), and panpipes. Many of the instruments were unfamiliar to me.
In addition, the central figure, with hands raised high, twisting his waist and hips, legs crossed, and hands in a conducting gesture, was probably the lead dancer. It was spectacular, unlike anything I'd ever seen before.
After walking this far, I was a bit tired, and with two elderly people in tow, we needed a rest. I recommend taking the shuttle bus directly from the entrance to the caves.