Maijishan Grottoes are located on the north side of the western end of the Qinling Mountains. It is a solitary peak in Xiaolong Mountain, 142 meters high. It is named because the mountain looks like a farmer's haystack. Maijishan Grottoes are known as the four major grottoes in China together with Mogao Grottoes, Longmen Grottoes and Yungang Grottoes.
Maijishan Grottoes were first built in the Sixteen Kingdoms and Later Qin period. During the Northern Wei, Western Wei and Northern Zhou dynasties, Maijishan Grottoes were built with cliff pavilions and thousands of statues.
After more than ten dynasties including Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, more than 1,600 years of excavation and repair, there are 221 caves and niches, 3,938 statues of various types and 10,632 bodies, and 979.54 square meters of murals.
The statues preserved in Maijishan Grottoes are mainly clay sculptures, which have been continuous through the ages, fully demonstrating the development and evolution of ancient clay sculptures. Such as the majestic and strong statues in the early Northern Wei Dynasty, the elegant and clear statues in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, the handsome and clear statues in the Western Wei Dynasty, the round and smooth statues in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the full and round statues in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the realistic and changeable statues in the Song Dynasty. It is an important material for studying the history of sculpture and art history, and has the reputation of "Oriental Sculpture Exhibition Hall". The statues are more than ten meters tall, such as the cliff Buddhas in Caves 13 and 98; the small ones are only more than ten centimeters, such as the shadow statues on the walls of the caves. These statues have both form and spirit, and have extremely high aesthetic value.
For example, the main seated Buddha in Cave 78 is burly and strong, the seated Buddha in Cave 44 is compassionate and lenient, the disciples in the No. 9 niche in Cave 133 are smiling, the Bodhisattva and the disciples in Cave 121 are "whispering", and the "boys" and "girls" in Cave 123 are pure and tender, which fully reflects the strong regional characteristics of the Maijishan Grottoes statues.
Due to its strategic location on the Silk Road, the Maijishan Grottoes have been influenced by the cultures of the Western Regions, the Central Plains and the Southern regions, and have formed a unique style of sculpture and mural art.