Da Ci'en Temple is located at No. 1 Ci'en Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. It is the ancestral temple of the Consciousness-Only School of Chinese Buddhism and one of the three major translation sites in Chang'an during the Tang Dynasty. It has a history of more than 1,350 years.
The following is a detailed introduction:
Historical Origin
• Construction: It was founded in the ninth year of Kaihuang in the Sui Dynasty (589) and was originally named Wulou Temple. In the twenty-first year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (647), Crown Prince Li Zhi expanded the temple in memory of his mother, Empress Wende, and renamed it Da Ci'en Temple.
• Development: During the Tang Dynasty, Da Ci'en Temple was built on a large scale, occupying half of Jinchangfang, covering an area of nearly 400 acres, with more than ten courtyards and 1,897 houses of various types. It was the most magnificent royal temple in Chang'an City during the Tang Dynasty. After the temple was built, more than 300 monks presided over religious activities, and Master Xuanzang, who returned from his journey to the West to seek Dharma, was invited to be the first abbot of Da Ci'en Temple. Master Xuanzang translated Buddhist scriptures and preached Buddhism for 11 years. Together with his disciple Kuiji, he founded a major Buddhist sect, the Dharma-Appearance and Consciousness-Only School, making Da Ci'en Temple the ancestral temple of the Consciousness-Only School.
• Existing structure: The current Da Ci'en Temple was built on the basis of the original temple's West Pagoda Courtyard since the second year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1466), and now covers an area of more than 76 acres (50,738 square meters).
Architectural features
• Overall layout: Inside the temple gate, there are bell and drum towers facing each other. The main buildings on the central axis are the Great Hall, the Dharma Hall, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and the Xuanzang Tripitaka Courtyard.
• Big Wild Goose Pagoda: Built in the third year of Yonghui in the Tang Dynasty (652), it was built by Master Xuanzang to store the Buddhist scriptures and relics taken from the Western Regions. The tower is 64.5 meters high and has seven floors. The bottom of the tower is in the shape of a square cone. Each side of the bottom floor is 25 meters long. It is built on a platform about 45 meters long and wide and about 4 meters high. It is made of bricks, with polished bricks and square pyramids.
• Xuanzang Tripitaka Hall: The temple houses the skull relic and bronze statue of Master Xuanzang. The walls are carved with purple copper into Buddhist stories - Tang Xuanzang's quest for the law. This huge bronze mural was carved by bronze artist Zhu Bingren. There are 36 pieces and 108 square meters in total. It is the largest bronze mural in the world.
Cultural value
• Religious value: As the ancestral temple of the Consciousness-Only School, Da Ci'en Temple plays an important role in the spread and development of Buddhism. It has a profound impact on the inheritance and development of Chinese Buddhist doctrines, attracting many believers and Buddhist researchers to come and worship and learn.
• Cultural Relics Value: The temple preserves a large number of cultural relics, such as the Buddha statues, murals, and inscriptions in the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, as well as the "Preface to the Holy Teachings of the Great Tang Tripitaka" and "Record of the Preface to the Holy Teachings of the Great Tang Tripitaka". These cultural relics are not only precious historical relics, but also important physical materials for studying Tang Dynasty calligraphy, painting, sculpture and other arts.
• Cultural Heritage Value: Da Ci'en Temple carries rich Buddhist culture and historical memory, and is an important part of Chinese traditional culture. The architecture, cultural relics, religious activities, etc. in the temple reflect the prosperity and splendor of Tang Dynasty Buddhist culture, which is of great significance for inheriting and promoting China's excellent traditional culture.