Liverpool built the first British dock in 1715, and the profits of the slave trade helped the city prosper rapidly. By the end of the 18th century, Liverpool controlled 41% of Europe and 80% of the slave trade in Britain. It was also one of the main areas of the British industrial revolution. By the beginning of the nineteenth century, 40% of the world's trade was through Liverpool Dockyards. In 1830, the world's first passenger railway was opened between Liverpool and Manchester. Liverpool's population continued to grow rapidly, eventually becoming the second largest city in the UK.