The Capital of Périgord Noir – Sarlat (Sarlat)
Sarlat’s official name is Sarlat-la-Canéda, one of the most famous medieval towns in the Dordogne department of southwestern France. Although it has a population of only about nine thousand, it boasts one of the most complete and concentrated collections of medieval architecture in Europe, earning it the reputation as "one of the most beautiful medieval towns in France." Rocamadour is a small village or town built on a cliff, rich in religious pilgrimage significance; in contrast, Sarlat is a prosperous city shaped by wealthy merchants, judges, and nobles.
Before the 9th century, this was just a small settlement that developed around a monastery. It is said that a bishop named Saint Sacerdos is buried here, which gradually made it a pilgrimage site. After the 11th century, the monastery grew wealthier, attracting many craftsmen and merchants who settled here, leading to the formation of the city. The 12th and 13th centuries were Sarlat’s most glorious period. Most of the stone buildings seen today were constructed during this time.
In the 16th century, many judges, lawyers, and nobles moved in. They transformed the medieval houses into Renaissance-style residences, so visitors today often see houses that combine Gothic windows, Renaissance carvings, and Baroque doors and windows.
Sarlat is best known for its honey-colored limestone buildings. This stone comes from nearby quarries. It appears golden yellow in sunlight; grayish yellow on cloudy days; deepens in color after rain; and looks most beautiful at dusk, making it a favorite spot for photography enthusiasts.
In the past, the Périgord region of France roughly corresponded to today’s Dordogne department. Locals divided it into four "color regions" based on natural landscapes: Périgord Noir, with Sarlat as its capital, named for its vast oak forests and dark winter woods. It is also one of France’s most famous black truffle-producing areas. The other three are: Périgord Blanc, centered around Périgueux, named for its white limestone and light-colored rocks; Périgord Pourpre, centered around Bergerac, named for its vineyards and wine culture, with grape leaves turning purple-red in autumn; and Périgord Vert in the north, known for its rivers, meadows, and dense forests.
Therefore, the "Capital of Périgord Noir" does not mean "black city," but that Sarlat is the cultural, culinary, and tourism center of the entire Périgord Noir region.