Yuncheng | National Heritage Site: Tomb of Sima Guang (Xia County) & Pagoda of Chan Master Fanzhou
· Taxi or self-drive recommended
· The Sima Guang Shrine scenic area is on the same route as Xinjiang (Jiangzhou Ancient City, Fusheng Temple, etc.). If you are driving or chartering a car, you can visit them in one day
· Highlights of the Sima Guang Shrine scenic area: Apricot Blossom Stele, Yuqing Chan Temple (not photographed), and the Sima Guang Spirit Way Stele
✅ Tomb of Sima Guang, Song Dynasty, National Heritage Site (Batch 3)
The central part of the tomb area is the shrine, the west is the cemetery, and the east is the Yuqing Chan Temple. There are 4 existing tombstones and 13 burial mounds in the cemetery. There are 8 stone statues on both sides in front of Sima Guang's tomb, and 20 stone statues on both sides in front of his son Sima Kang's tomb. There are 30 existing stone tablets from the Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing, and Republic of China eras. Additionally, there are 8 stone beasts from the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The shrine was built in the Song Dynasty and expanded by Li Zuntang, the magistrate of Xia County, in the 27th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, with construction completed in the 39th year. It faces south, and along the central axis from south to north are the Apricot Blossom Stele Pavilion, east and west wing rooms, and the shrine. The Apricot Blossom Stele Pavilion currently houses the Apricot Blossom Stele, the stele for the reconstruction of the Apricot Blossom Stele Pavilion, and the tombstone of Sima Yi.
The Apricot Blossom Stele was erected in the 3rd year of the Yuanyou reign of the Song Dynasty and was destroyed during the Shaosheng reign. In the 8th year of the Huangtong reign of the Jin Dynasty, Wang Tingzhi, the magistrate of Xia County, found the broken stele under an apricot tree. Admiring Sima Guang's political achievements and character, he found the original text at the homes of Sima Guang's great-grandnephews, Sima Zuo and Sima Tong, and had it re-engraved in the 9th year of the Huangtong reign, naming it the Apricot Blossom Stele. The stele is made of bluestone, rectangular in shape, with 68 lines of text across four stones, 41 characters per full line, recording Sima Guang's life achievements and profound knowledge.
Yuqing Chan Temple is the incense temple for Sima Guang's ancestral cemetery. The existing Mahavira Hall is an original structure from the Song Dynasty. The Mahavira Hall faces south and has a brick foundation 0.88m high. It is 5 bays wide and 3 rafters deep, with a single-eave hanging mountain roof. The beam structure consists of 6-rafter purlins with 4-rafter beams paired with front breast-shaped beams spanning the eaves, supported by 3 columns. The column heads feature 4-bracket sets with a single cantilever arm, with no inter-column bracket sets. The central bay of the front eaves has double-leaf wooden doors with a plaque above inscribed with "Bie You Tian Di" (A World Apart). The side bays have straight-latticed windows and square stone column bases. Inside the hall are 19 colored sculptures, including the Buddhas of the Three Ages, Manjushri, Samantabhadra, and the Sixteen Arhats, as well as 1 wooden sculpture of a Dharma protector Vajra. All are original works from the Song Dynasty, repainted in the 5th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty.
The Stele of Loyal and Pure Virtue is made of bluestone with a dragon-headed top and a tortoise-shaped base. Also known as the Sima Guang Spirit Way Stele, its header is inscribed with the seal script "Stele of Loyal and Pure Virtue." The title reads: "Spirit Way Stele of the Late Song Dynasty Justice Grand Master, Minister of the Left of the Department of State Affairs, concurrently Vice Minister of the Secretariat, Supreme Pillar of State, Founding Duke of Henei Commandery, with 4,100 households of fief and 1,500 households of honorary fief, posthumously awarded Grand Preceptor and Duke of Wen, with the posthumous name Wenzheng, Lord Sima." The inscription is in regular script, totaling 2,266 characters. The header was written by Emperor Zhezong of Song (Zhao Xu), the text by Su Shi, and the calligraphy by Zhu Shichang. The stele header and base are original Song Dynasty works, while the stele body was reproduced by Hedong Censor Zhu Shichang in the 3rd year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty.
✅ Pagoda of Chan Master Fanzhou, Tang Dynasty, National Heritage Site (Batch 5)
Built in the 9th year of the Zhenyuan reign of the Tang Dynasty, with the tomb inscription engraved in the 2nd year of the Changqing reign. The north side of the pagoda body is embedded with a 1m high "Tomb Inscription of the Late Great Virtuous Chan Master Fanzhou of Baoguo Temple, Anyi County." It consists of three parts: the pagoda base, the pagoda body, and the pagoda spire, with each part accounting for about one-third of the total height. The pagoda base is circular and tapers slightly from bottom to top. The lower part of the pagoda body is a waist-constricted Sumeru pedestal. Above it is the pagoda body, surrounded by 8 square brick columns that divide the body into 8 bays. The upper pagoda eaves extend outward with corbelled brickwork, and the outer edges of the two layers are carved into imitation wood-structure rafters, flying rafters, and drip tiles. The pagoda spire is decorated with stacked elements including a binding band, an inverted bowl, inverted lotus petals, upright lotus petals, and a precious pearl.
Sima Guang Shrine scenic area