Visit Jiaoshan to see the "Epitaph for the Buried Crane," considered the ancestor of large-character calligraphy.
The Jiaoshan Stele Forest (Baomoxuan) is located on Jiaoshan Mountain in the heart of the Yangtze River in Zhenjiang. It is the premier stele forest south of the Yangtze River, and is considered on par with the Xi'an Stele Forest.
Western Slope Cliff Inscriptions: Stretching over 200 meters along the riverside cliff, there are more than 80 inscriptions from the Six Dynasties to the Song and Qing Dynasties, including Tang Dynasty verses from the Diamond Sutra, an inscription by Mi Fu, and Lu You's inscription on viewing the "Epitaph for the Buried Crane" in the snow.
Courtyard and Corridor Display of Steles: Over 400 steles spanning the Six Dynasties, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, and Republican periods, encompassing regular, cursive, clerical, and seal scripts.
Treasure of the Museum: The "Epitaph for the Buried Crane"
The "Epitaph for the Buried Crane" is a cliff inscription commemorating the burial of a crane, praised by Huang Tingjian as the ancestor of large-character calligraphy.
Origin of the Original Stone: Originally carved on the cliff face of Leihongyan at the western foot of Jiaoshan Mountain, it is said to have been carved in the thirteenth year of the Tianjian era of the Southern Liang Dynasty (514 AD). At some unknown time, the cliff collapsed and fell into the Yangtze River, where it remained submerged for over seven hundred years.
In the fifty-first year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1712 AD), Chen Pengnian raised funds to salvage the stone, retrieving five fragments containing 93 characters (11 of which are missing). These fragments were moved to Dinghui Temple and protected with a pavilion. Later, they were moved to a special room in the Stele Forest for preservation and exhibition, which is the original stone we see today.
The original text contained approximately 178 characters, but only fragments remain today. Rubbings are divided into two categories: the precious Song Dynasty "pre-drowning rubbing" (rubbings before it fell into the water) and Qing Dynasty rubbings after it was recovered from the water. The mystery of the author (unresolved). The inscription uses only the pseudonym: "Written by Huayang Zhenyi, written by Shanghuangshan Qiao," without a real name. Several schools of thought have emerged regarding its authorship:
Mainstream: Tao Hongjing of the Southern Dynasties (a recluse in Huayang, the most widely accepted).
Others: Wang Xizhi, Gu Kuang of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Zan, etc., with ongoing academic debate.
The calligraphic style is a landmark cliff inscription marking the transition from seal script and clerical script to regular script, blending the two styles with elements of running script:
Brushwork: Primarily rounded strokes with concealed tips, occasionally using angular turns, with a strong seal script influence, seemingly soft yet powerful;
Character structure: Broad and spacious, adapting to the shape of the stone, characters vary in size and posture, without deliberate uniformity;
Composition: Rarely seen in ancient times, read vertically from left to right, elegant and unrestrained, with a lofty and ancient feel, reminiscent of a crane soaring into the distance;
The "Shimen Ming" in the north and the "Yizhe Ming" in the south are considered twin peaks of cliff inscriptions, influencing countless calligraphers such as Huang Tingjian and Gong Zizhen. Huang Tingjian famously said: "No large characters surpass the 'Yizhe Ming.'"