Gansu Tianshui - the hometown of Fuxi
Tianshui City, formerly known as Qinzhou and Shanggui, is a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province, located in the southeast of Gansu Province. It is the secondary core city of the Guanzhong Plain city group and an important node city of the Silk Road Economic Belt.
Tianshui City is named after the legend of 'Tianhe pouring water', and has a civilization history of about 8000 years. It is represented by 'Five Cultures' such as Fuxi culture, Dadiwan culture, early Qin culture, Maijishan grotto culture and Three Kingdoms ancient battlefield culture.
The geomorphological regions of Tianshui City are clearly differentiated. The eastern and southern parts are uplifted due to the folding of ancient strata, forming mountainous terrain. The northern part is formed by geological subsidence and the deposition of red and yellow loess layers, forming loess hilly terrain. A small part of the central area is formed by the fracture of the latitudinal structural belt, forming the Weihe trench, and through the fourth river erosion and accumulation, forming the Weihe River Valley terrain. The northern part is a loess ridge and gully area. The Weihe River and its tributaries traverse it, forming a basin and river valley terrace with wide valleys and gorges. The middle and eastern parts are the Qinling and Guanshan mountain areas. The western Qinling mountains, dominated by the Jinhuang Mountain, Yunwu Mountain, and Jingdong Ridge, and the small Longshan and Longshan mountains in the east, dominated by the Bagua Mountain, Flame Mountain, Qinling Dabao, and Guanshan, are stacked with mountains and deep valleys.
Tianshui City has a pleasant climate and is suitable for living and tourism. It has a temperate monsoon climate with an average annual temperature of 11°C.
Tianshui historical culture:
1. Fuxi culture: The Fuxi culture that appeared more than 5,000 years ago is the source of Chinese culture and civilization. It is said that Emperor Fuxi invented the net and taught the people to fish and hunt, created the Eight Diagrams, distinguished surnames, and advocated the excellent culture of the Chinese nation such as colored pottery culture, jade culture, and dragon culture.
2. Dadiwan culture: Dadiwan culture is an ancient civilization created by the Huaxia ancestors in the Yellow River Basin and is one of the sources of Huaxia civilization. It is the earliest site discovered in the Neolithic Age in China. It is located in Shaodian Village, Wuying Township, 45 kilometers northeast of Qin'an County, Tianshui City, Gansu Province. It is the earliest and longest-lasting Paleolithic culture and Neolithic culture in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, existing about 4800 to 60000 years ago.
3. Grotto culture: One of the four major grottoes in China, Maijishan Grottoes, named after the mountain looks like a stack of wheat, is located about 30 kilometers southeast of Tianshui. According to historical records, the grottoes were built in the Later Qin (384-417), and were greatly developed during the Northern Wei Mingyuan Emperor and Taiwu Emperor period, and developed again after the Taihe first year of Emperor Xiaowen (477). After the death of Empress Yifu (Empress Yifu) of Emperor Wen of the Western Wei Dynasty, Maiji Cliff was excavated here for burial. During the Baoding and Tianhe years of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (561-572), Li Yunxin, the governor of Qinzhou, built the Seven Buddha Pavilion for his deceased father. In the first year of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty (601), a tower was built on Maijishan to 'bury the relics of the divine nun', and after the Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties, it was continuously excavated and expanded, becoming one of the famous grotto groups in China.
4. Pre-Qin culture: Tianshui is the birthplace of the Qin State. The ancestor of the Qin people, Ying Feizi, was meritorious in horse herding here. In 890 BC, he was enfeoffed by King Xiao of Zhou in Qinting, which is the Tianshui area today. After more than 200 years of development and growth, he moved east to the Guanzhong area of Shaanxi in 762 BC and began the pace of unifying the six countries. During the process of unifying the six countries, the Qin people established Gui County and Ji County in Qingshui and Gangu, Tianshui City in 688 BC, which are the earliest counties in the history of China's city and county establishment. The early Qin culture remains are mainly concentrated in the Tianshui area of Gansu.
5. Three Kingdoms culture: During the Three Kingdoms period, the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu, and Wu were divided and dominated. Due to the important strategic position of Tianshui City, some emperors, generals, and military leaders staged a series of mighty and heroic historical dramas here. Stories such as Zhuge Liang's six outings to Qishan, losing Jieting, and receiving Jiang Wei all happened in Tianshui. Jieting is located in Longcheng Town, Qin'an County, 100 kilometers northeast of Qinzhou District, Tianshui City. There are war remains such as 'chaotic bone pile', 'big camp', 'permanent camp', 'ten thousand people tomb', and relics such as crossbows and horse stings. There are many ancient battlefield sites of the Three Kingdoms such as Jieting, Tianshui Pass, Mumen Road, and Zhuge Army Camp in the territory.
Transportation situation
Highway: Tianshui City has Lianyungang-Horgos Expressway, Shiyan-Tianshui Expressway, Tianshui-Pingliang Expressway and other expressways; it has National Highway 310, National Highway 316 and other national highways.
Railway: Tianshui City's railways are accessible in all directions, with Longhai Railway, Xulan High-speed Railway Baolan Section, Tianping Railway and other railway lines; it has railway stations such as Tianshui Station, Tianshui South Station, Dongcha Station, Qin'an Station.
Aviation: Tianshui Maijishan Airport is located on Xihuang Avenue, Maiji District, Tianshui City.
Rail transit: Tianshui tram was opened on May 1, 2020, making Tianshui City the first city in the northwest region to open a tram.
From Northern Wei to Tang and Song, and then to Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been through more than 1600 years of wind and frost, but a large part of it has not been completely preserved. It must be seen that it is really an artistic feast. It is a worthwhile trip.
Just off the peak, so there are no people when you arrive at the attractions. You can go up the mountain directly early in the morning. The air and temperature are just right. It is not recommended to climb the high-fearing friends. It is best to wear light clothes because there are many wooden ladders.
One of the four major grottoes in China, let the wisdom and spirit of the ancients be amazed, the beautiful natural and human landscape, the lifelike mud-shaping image, the magnificent and beautiful Northern Dynasties murals and the breathtaking scenery, the beautiful scenery, it is worth a visit!
Maijishan Grottoes are worth going, because we don't do academic research and don't buy special exhibition tickets, just look at it shallowly. The explanation at the entrance of the scenic spot can be without asking. I only went to the bottom of the grotto and talked about a total of 221 caves and more than 10,000 Buddha statues. I talked about why Maiji Mountain is called Maiji Mountain. I pointed to the past Maiji Mountain like Buddha Head from a certain angle. That's all. If you do your homework in advance, you don't need to ask. If you bring children, you can let them experience riding the horse mountain (a short road), 50 yuan per horse (maybe a premium before the Spring Festival), one horse can take one big and one small. I have to complain about how difficult it is to take a taxi in Tianshui. I don't know if it is approaching the New Year. All the car-calling software cannot call the car, and the price increase cannot be called. It is not friendly to tourists who are not traveling by car. Finally waited for a long time, finally grabbed a chartered master, from Maijishan Grottoes to Fuxi Temple chartered 120 yuan, even cheaper than calling a car.
Needless to say, the introduction and value of the grotto itself, as long as it is not very afraid of heights, you can still climb it. After all, I am afraid of heights myself. After three years of entanglement, I finally went there. After I went there, I found that I was not so scared. We stayed in the scenic B&B one night in advance. We went early in the morning, plus the time for the interpreter to see the special cave. The overall time of two hours is enough. There is a bus here to take the train station, and then take a taxi or change to Tianshui City.
To be honest, I came to Tianshui for the purpose of not eating Mala Tang, but for Maiji Mountain Grottoes. This is one of the four major grottoes in China. It is known as the Oriental Sculpture Exhibition Hall. It has been planting grass for a long time. However, I have to complain. Before I came to Maiji Mountain, no one told me. The whole tour basically depends on peeping. ~ Due to the humid climate and other reasons, Most of the grottoes here are protected by dense barbed wire locks, let alone taking pictures, it is hard to look at, the visit experience is not very good ~